Substrate processing apparatus and substrate processing method for successively processing a plurality of substrates

ABSTRACT

One of reverse passing parts provided in a substrate passing part comprises a first holding mechanism and a second holding mechanism. The first holding mechanism and the second holding mechanism are arranged in vertically symmetry with respect to a rotary central axis and rotate 180 degrees about the rotary central axis, to replace each other in position. A transport robot on the loading side passes a substrate to a third holding mechanism or a fourth holding mechanism at a first vertical position. The substrate reversed in the reverse passing part is passed to a transport robot on the unloading side from the third holding mechanism or the fourth holding mechanism at a second vertical position. Before a reverse process on the preceding substrate is finished, the transport robot on the loading side can start the transfer of the following substrate.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a substrate processing apparatus and asubstrate processing method for successively processing a plurality ofsubstrates, such as semiconductor substrates, glass substrates forliquid crystal display devices, glass substrates for photomasks,substrates for optical disks or the like.

2. Description of the Background Art

As well known, products such as semiconductors, liquid crystal displaysor the like are manufactured by performing a series of processingsincluding cleaning, resist coating, exposure, development, etching,formation of interlayer insulating films, thermal processing, dicing andthe like on the above substrates. Generally, a substrate processingapparatus consists of processing units for performing these processingsand transport robots for transporting the substrates to the processingunits. For example, an apparatus consisting of a coating unit forperforming a resist coating process on the substrates, a developmentunit for performing a development process on the substrates and atransport robot for transporting the substrates between these units is aso-called coater & developer, which is widely used.

As one exemplary substrate processing apparatus, Japanese PatentApplication Laid Open Gazette No. 2005-93653, for example, discloses acoater & developer in which a plurality of cells are arranged inparallel, one of which is constituted of one transport robot and aplurality of processing units from/to which the transport robottransports substrates, and a substrate passing part is provided betweenthe cells, to pass the substrates from/to the transport robots of theadjacent cells via the substrate passing part.

Though the apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid OpenGazette No. 2005-93653 is one for performing the resist coating processand the development process on substrates, it is possible to apply alike cell structure in which a plurality of cells are connected to oneanother via the substrate passing parts to devices for performing othertypes of processings, such as a cleaning device for cleaning substrateswith a brush. Specifically, the cleaning device has a construction inwhich an indexer cell for accumulating unprocessed substrates andprocessed substrates and a cleaning cell provided with a brush cleaningunit are connected to each other via a substrate passing part. Theindexer cell and the cleaning cell are provided with respectivededicated transport robots.

In the substrate processing apparatus having such a cell structure asdiscussed above, if the number of process steps performed in each cellbecomes larger, the number of transporting processes using the transportrobot increases and the transport becomes a rate-limiting factor. Inorder to solve this phenomenon, some sort of substrate processing isperformed in the substrate passing part between the adjacent cells, toreduce the number of process steps to be performed in each cell.Specifically, the substrate passing part also has a function as asubstrate processing part as well as the original function of passingsubstrates between the cells. In a cleaning device in which a brushcleaning unit is provided in a cell, for example, a process of reversingfront and back sides of a substrate may be performed in the substratepassing part. Since the substrate processing which is conventionallyperformed in the cell is performed in the substrate passing part, thenumber of process steps to be performed in the cell decreases and thetransport load of the transport robot is reduced.

There arises a new problem, however, that if the substrate passing partperforms some sort of substrate processing, the transport robot can notload the next substrate into the substrate passing part, in other words,a transport operation for the next substrate can not be started untilthe substrate processing is finished. The simplest method to solve thisproblem is to increase the number of passing parts each of which alsoperforms some sort of substrate processing, but since the reversepassing part which is a passing part for reversing front and back sidesof a substrate has a large size, it is not easy to increase the numberof stages for the passing parts for reasons of layout of the wholeapparatus. If the vertical-direction operating range of either one ofthe transport robots which access the substrate passing part is limited,especially, it is very hard to configure a multistage structure of thereverse passing parts for reversing front and back sides of substrates.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is intended for a substrate processing apparatusfor successively processing a plurality of substrates.

According to an aspect of the present invention, the substrateprocessing apparatus comprises a sending side section having a firsttransport robot, for sending a substrate, a receiving side sectionhaving a second transport robot, for receiving the substrate sent outfrom the sending side section, and a reverse passing part providedbetween the sending side section and the receiving side section, forreversing a front surface and a back surface of the substrate passedfrom the first transport robot and passing the substrate to the secondtransport robot, which comprises a first holding part for holding asubstrate, a second holding part for holding a substrate, and a rotationdriving mechanism for rotating the first holding part and the secondholding part about a rotary central axis along a horizontal direction,and in the substrate processing apparatus of the present invention, thefirst holding part and the second holding part are provided in asymmetrical position with respect to the rotary central axis, therotation driving mechanism is so configured as to rotate the firstholding part and the second holding part so that these holding partsalternately replace each other between a first position and a secondposition, the first transport robot is so configured as to pass asubstrate to the first holding part or the second holding part at thefirst position, and the second transport robot is so configured as toreceive a reversed substrate from the first holding part or the secondholding part at the second position.

Since the first transport robot can start transfer of the followingsubstrate before a reverse process on the preceding substrate isfinished, it is possible to reduce a standby time of the transport robotto a minimum while minimizing the number of reverse passing parts.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the substrateprocessing apparatus comprises a) a processing section having atransport robot and a processing part to which a substrate istransported by the transport robot, b) an indexer section having atransfer robot, for passing an unprocessed substrate to the processingsection and receiving a processed substrate from the processing section,c) a first reverse passing part provided between the indexer section andthe processing section, for reversing a front surface and a back surfaceof the unprocessed substrate passed from the transfer robot and passingthe unprocessed substrate to the transport robot, which comprises c-1) afirst holding part for holding a substrate, c-2) a second holding partfor holding a substrate, and c-3) a first rotation driving mechanism forrotating the first holding part and the second holding part about afirst rotary central axis along a horizontal direction, and d) a secondreverse passing part provided between the indexer section and theprocessing section, for reversing a front surface and a back surface ofthe processed substrate passed from the transport robot and passing theprocessed substrate to the transfer robot, which comprises d-1) a thirdholding part for holding a substrate, d-2) a fourth holding part forholding a substrate, and d-3) a second rotation driving mechanism forrotating the third holding part and the fourth holding part about asecond rotary central axis along a horizontal direction, and in thesubstrate processing apparatus of the present invention, the firstholding part and the second holding part are provided in a symmetricalposition with respect to the first rotary central axis, the thirdholding part and the fourth holding part are provided in a symmetricalposition with respect to the second rotary central axis, the firstrotation driving mechanism is so configured as to rotate the firstholding part and the second holding part so that these holding partsalternately replace each other between a first position and a secondposition, the second rotation driving mechanism is so configured as torotate the third holding part and the fourth holding part so that theseholding parts alternately replace each other between a third positionand a fourth position, the transfer robot is so configured as to pass anunprocessed substrate to the first holding part or the second holdingpart at the first position and as to receive a processed substrate fromthe third holding part or the fourth holding part at the third position,and the transport robot is so configured as to receive an unprocessedsubstrate from the first holding part or the second holding part at thesecond position and as to pass a processed substrate to the thirdholding part or the fourth holding part at the fourth position.

Since the transfer robot and the transport robot can each start transferof the following substrate before a reverse process on the precedingsubstrate is finished, it is possible to reduce the standby time of therobots to a minimum while minimizing the number of reverse passingparts.

Preferably, the substrate processing apparatus further comprises e) afirst rest part provided between the indexer section and the processingsection, on which the unprocessed substrate passed from the transferrobot is rested to be passed to the transport robot, and f) a secondrest part provided between the indexer section and the processingsection, on which the processed substrate passed from the transportrobot is rested to be passed to the transfer robot.

It is thereby also possible to transfer the substrates without anyreverse process.

The present invention is also intended for a substrate processing methodfor successively transferring a plurality of substrates from a firsttransport robot of a sending side section which sends the substrates toa second transport robot of a receiving side section which receives thesubstrates via a reverse passing part for reversing a front surface anda back surface of a substrate.

According to an aspect of the present invention, the substrateprocessing method comprises the steps of a) passing a substrate to afirst holding part of the reverse passing part at a first position bythe first transport robot, b) receiving a substrate from a secondholding part of the reverse passing part at a second position by thesecond transport robot, c) rotating the first holding part and thesecond holding part of the reverse passing part 180 degrees about arotary central axis along a horizontal direction to move the firstholding part to the second position and move the second holding part tothe first position, d) passing a substrate to the second holding part atthe first position by the first transport robot, e) receiving asubstrate from the first holding part at the second position by thesecond transport robot, f) rotating the first holding part and thesecond holding part of the reverse passing part 180 degrees about therotary central axis to move the first holding part to the first positionand move the second holding part to the second position, and g)repeating the step a) to step f).

Since the first transport robot can start transfer of the followingsubstrate before a reverse process on the preceding substrate isfinished, it is possible to reduce the standby time of the transportrobot to a minimum while minimizing the number of reverse passing parts.

The present invention is further intended for a substrate processingmethod for successively transferring a plurality of substrates between atransport robot of a processing section having a processing part and atransfer robot of an indexer section.

According to an aspect of the present invention, the substrateprocessing method comprises the steps of a) passing an unprocessedsubstrate to a first holding part of a first reverse passing part forreversing a front surface and a back surface of a substrate at a firstposition by the transfer robot, b) receiving an unprocessed substratefrom a second holding part of the first reverse passing part at a secondposition by the transport robot, c) rotating the first holding part andthe second holding part of the first reverse passing part 180 degreesabout a first rotary central axis along a horizontal direction to movethe first holding part to the second position and move the secondholding part to the first position, d) passing an unprocessed substrateto the second holding part at the first position by the transfer robot,e) receiving an unprocessed substrate from the first holding part at thesecond position by the transport robot, f) rotating the first holdingpart and the second holding part of the first reverse passing part 180degrees about the first rotary central axis to move the first holdingpart to the first position and move the second holding part to thesecond position, and g) repeating the step a) to step f).

Since the transfer robot can start transfer of the following unprocessedsubstrate before a reverse process on the preceding unprocessedsubstrate is finished, it is possible to reduce a standby time of thetransfer robot to a minimum while minimizing the number of reversepassing parts.

Preferably, the substrate processing method further comprises the stepsof h) receiving a processed substrate from a third holding part of asecond reverse passing part for reversing a front surface and a backsurface of a substrate at a third position by the transfer robot, i)passing a processed substrate to a fourth holding part of the secondreverse passing part at a fourth position by the transport robot, j)rotating the third holding part and the fourth holding part of thesecond reverse passing part 180 degrees about a second rotary centralaxis along a horizontal direction to move the third holding part to thefourth position and move the fourth holding part to the third position,k) receiving a processed substrate from the fourth holding part at thethird position by the transfer robot, l) passing a processed substrateto the third holding part at the fourth position by the transport robot,m) rotating the third holding part and the fourth holding part of thesecond reverse passing part 180 degrees about the second rotary centralaxis to move the third holding part to the third position and move thefourth holding part to the fourth position, and n) repeating the step h)to step m).

Since the transport robot can start transfer of the following processedsubstrate before a reverse process on the preceding processed substrateis finished, it is possible to reduce the standby time of the transportrobot to a minimum while minimizing the number of reverse passing parts.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to reduce a standbytime of a robot to a minimum while minimizing the number of reversepassing parts.

These and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the presentinvention will become more apparent from the following detaileddescription of the present invention when taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a substrate processing apparatus inaccordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a view showing the substrate processing apparatus, taken alongthe line A-A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a view showing the substrate processing apparatus, taken alongthe line B-B of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a side elevation showing a reverse passing part;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the reverse passing part;

FIG. 6 is a view showing a state where a transfer arm of a transportrobot accesses the reverse passing part;

FIGS. 7 to 12 are illustrations of an operation for transferring asubstrate via the reverse passing part; and

FIGS. 13 and 14 are illustrations of a concept of transferring asubstrate via the reverse passing part.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, detailed discussion will be made on the preferredembodiment of the present invention with reference to figures.

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a substrate processing apparatus 1 inaccordance with the present invention. FIG. 2 is a view taken along theline A-A of FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 is a view taken along the line B-B ofFIG. 1. In FIGS. 1 to 3, an XYZ rectangular coordinate system in whichthe Z-axis direction is defined as the vertical direction and the XYplane is defined as the horizontal plane is additionally shown for thepurpose of clarifying the directional relationship therebetween. Thesubstrate processing apparatus 1 is a cleaning device for performing ascrub cleaning process successively on a plurality of substrates W suchas semiconductor wafers or the like, in which two cells (processingsections), i.e., an indexer cell ID and a cleaning cell SP, are arrangedin parallel. The substrate processing apparatus 1 further comprises acontrol part 5 for controlling operation mechanisms provided in theindexer cell ID and the cleaning cell SP to perform a cleaning processon the substrates W.

The indexer cell ID is a cell for passing an unprocessed substratereceived from the outside of the apparatus to the cleaning cell SP andunloading a processed substrate received from the cleaning cell SP tothe outside of the apparatus. The indexer cell ID comprises a pluralityof (in this preferred embodiment, four) carrier stages 11 on each ofwhich a carrier C is rested and a transfer robot IR for taking anunprocessed substrate W out from each carrier C and storing a processedsubstrate W into each carrier C.

The carrier C storing the unprocessed substrate W therein is loaded ontoeach of the carrier stages 11 from the outside of the apparatus by anAGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) or the like and rested thereon. Further,the substrate W on which the scrub cleaning process is finished in thisapparatus is stored again into the carrier C rested on the carrier stage11. The carrier C storing the processed substrate W therein is unloadedto the outside of the apparatus also by the AGV or the like. In otherwords, the carrier stage 11 serves as a substrate accumulation part foraccumulating the unprocessed substrates W and the processed substratesW. As the form of the carrier C, a FOUP (Front Opening Unified Pod)storing substrates W in an enclosed space, an SMIF (Standard MechanicalInter Face) pod or an OC (Open Cassette) exposing stored substrates W toair may be used.

The transfer robot IR comprises a transfer arm 12, an arm stage 13 onwhich the transfer arm 12 is rested and a movable base 14. The movablebase 14 is in threaded engagement with a ball screw 15 extending inparallel to the alignment of the carrier stages 11 (along the Y-axisdirection), being provided slidably on two guide rails 16 and 16.Therefore, when the ball screw 15 is rotated by a not-shown rotationmotor, the whole transfer robot IR including the movable base 14 ismoved horizontally along the Y-axis direction.

The arm stage 13 is rested on the movable base 14. In the movable base14, a motor for driving the arm stage 13 to rotate about an axis centeralong the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) and a motor for drivingthe arm stage 13 to move up and down along the vertical direction, bothof which are not shown, are integrated. Further, the transfer arm 12 ismounted on this arm stage 13. As shown in FIG. 1, the transfer arm 12 isshaped like a fork in a plan view. The transfer arm 12 supports a lowersurface of the substrate W with its fork-shaped portion. Further, thetransfer arm 12 can be moved to and fro along the horizontal direction(the direction of the radius of gyration of the arm stage 13) with itsarticulated mechanism bent and stretched by a drive mechanism (notshown) integrated in the arm stage 13.

With such a structure, the transfer arm 12 can move horizontally alongthe Y-axis direction, move up and down, rotate in the horizontal planeand move to and fro along the direction of the radius of gyration. Then,the transfer robot IR causes the transfer arm 12 which supports thesubstrate W with its fork-shaped portion to access the carrier C restedon the carrier stage 11 and a substrate passing part 50 described later,to thereby transfer the substrate W between the carrier stage 11 and thesubstrate passing part 50.

The cleaning cell SP is provided adjacently to the indexer cell ID.Between the indexer cell ID and the cleaning cell SP provided is apartition 19 for blocking the atmosphere, and the substrate passing part50 is so provided as to penetrate part of the partition 19. In otherwords, the substrate passing part 50 is provided at a connecting portionbetween the indexer cell ID and the cleaning cell SP, being interposedtherebetween to pass the substrate W from/to these cells.

The substrate passing part 50 of this preferred embodiment has aconstruction in which a reverse passing part RVPASS1, two stages ofreturn rest parts RPASS1 and RPASS2, two stages of sending rest partsSPASS1 and SPASS2 and a reverse passing part RVPASS2 are layered in thevertical direction in this order from the upper side. The upper reversepassing part RVPASS1 and two stages of the return rest parts RPASS1 andRPASS2 are interposed to pass the processed substrate W from thecleaning cell SP to the indexer cell ID. On the other hand, the lowerreverse passing part RVPASS2 and two stages of the sending rest partsSPASS1 and SPASS2 are interposed to pass the unprocessed substrate Wfrom the indexer cell ID to the cleaning cell SP. More detaileddiscussion on the substrate passing part 50 will be made later.

The cleaning cell SP is a cell for performing the scrub cleaning processon the substrate W and comprises a front surface cleaning part SS1 forperforming the scrub cleaning process on a front surface of thesubstrate W, a back surface cleaning part SS2 for performing the scrubcleaning process on a back surface of the substrate W, reversing partsFR and RF for reversing the front and back sides of the substrate W anda transport robot TR for passing the substrate W from/to the frontsurface cleaning part SS1, the back surface cleaning part SS2 and thereversing parts FR and RF. In the cleaning cell SP, the front surfacecleaning part SS1 and the back surface cleaning part SS2 are arrangedoppositely to each other with the transport robot TR interposedtherebetween. Specifically, the front surface cleaning part SS1 isdisposed on the back side of the apparatus and the back surface cleaningpart SS2 is disposed on the front side of the apparatus. A “frontsurface” of a substrate W refers to one of main surfaces of thesubstrate W, on which a pattern is formed, and a “back surface” refersto the opposite side of the front surface. An “upper surface” of thesubstrate W is one of the main surfaces of the substrate W, which facesupward, and a “lower surface” is the other surface which faces downward(regardless of whether it is the front surface or the back surface).

As shown in FIG. 2, the front surface cleaning part SS1 has aconstruction in which four front surface cleaning units SS which havethe same construction are layered. The front surface cleaning unit SScomprises a spin chuck 21 for holding the substrate W with its frontsurface facing upward and rotating it about an axis center along thevertical direction, a cleaning brush 22 coming into contact with orcoming close to the front surface of the substrate W held on the spinchuck 21 to perform scrub cleaning, a nozzle 23 for discharging acleaning solution (e.g., de-ionized water) onto the front surface of thesubstrate W, a spin motor 24 for driving the spin chuck 21 to rotate, acup (not shown) surrounding the substrate W held on the spin chuck 21,and the like.

On the other hand, the back surface cleaning part SS2 has a constructionin which four back surface cleaning units SSR which have the sameconstruction are layered. The back surface cleaning unit SSR comprises aspin chuck 31 for holding the substrate W with its back surface facingupward and rotating it about an axis center along the verticaldirection, a cleaning brush 32 coming into contact with or coming closeto the back surface of the substrate W held on the spin chuck 31 toperform scrub cleaning, a nozzle 33 for discharging a cleaning solution(e.g., de-ionized water) onto the back surface of the substrate W, aspin motor 34 for driving the spin chuck 31 to rotate, a cup (not shown)surrounding the substrate W held on the spin chuck 31, and the like.Though the spin chuck 21 of the front surface cleaning unit SS forperforming front surface cleaning may be a vacuum adsorptive one sincethe substrate W is held from the back side, the spin chuck 31 of theback surface cleaning unit SSR for performing back surface cleaning hasto be one which mechanically holds an edge portion of the substrate Wsince the substrate W is held from the front side.

The two reversing parts FR and RF are provided at an end portion ((+X)side end portion) of a transport path in which the transport robot TR isprovided on the side opposite to the indexer cell ID. The reversing partFR reverses the substrate W with its front surface facing upward 180degrees upside down to cause its back surface to face upward.Conversely, the reversing part RF reverses the substrate W with its backsurface facing upward 180 degrees upside down to cause its front surfaceto face upward.

The transport robot TR comprises two transfer arms 42 a and 42 b, an armstage 43 on which these transfer arms are rested and a base 44. The base44 is fixed to a frame of the cleaning cell SP. Therefore, the wholetransport robot TR does not move in the horizontal direction.

On the base 44, the arm stage 43 is rested. In the base 44, a motor fordriving the arm stage 43 to rotate about an axis center along thevertical direction (Z-axis direction) and a motor for driving the armstage 43 to move up and down along the vertical direction, both of whichare not shown, are integrated. Further, the two transfer arms 42 a and42 b are mounted on the arm stage 43, being arranged vertically with aspace of predetermined pitch. As shown in FIG. 1, the transfer arms 42 aand 42 b are each shaped like a fork in a plan view. Each of thetransfer arms 42 a and 42 b supports a lower surface of the substrate Wwith its fork-shaped portion. Further, the transfer arms 42 a and 42 bcan be moved to and fro independently of each other along the horizontaldirection (the direction of the radius of gyration of the arm stage 43)with their articulated mechanisms bent and stretched by a drivemechanism (not shown) integrated in the arm stage 43.

With such a structure, the transport robot TR causes the two transferarms 42 a and 42 b to individually access the front surface cleaningpart SS1, the back surface cleaning part SS2, the reversing parts FR andRF and the substrate passing part 50, to thereby pass and receive thesubstrate W to/from these parts. Further, as an elevation drivingmechanism of the transport robot TR, other mechanisms such as a beltfeeder mechanism using a pulley and a timing belt may be used.

The control part 5 controls various operation mechanisms provided in thesubstrate processing apparatus 1. The control part 5 has a constitutionof general computer system as hardware. Specifically, the control part 5comprises a CPU for performing various computations, a ROM for storing abasic program, a RAM which is a readable and writable memory for storingvarious information, and a magnetic disk for storing control software ordata.

Subsequently, detailed discussion will be made on the substrate passingpart 50. As discussed above, the substrate passing part 50 comprises twostages of the return rest parts RPASS1 and RPASS2, two stages of thesending rest parts SPASS1 and SPASS2 and two stages of reverse passingparts RVPASS1 and RVPASS2. Among these parts, the reverse passing partsRVPASS1 and RVPASS2 reverse the front and back sides of the substrate W180 degrees and pass it, and so also have the function as the reversingpart as well as the function of passing substrates.

FIG. 4 is a side elevation showing the reverse passing part RVPASS2.FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the reverse passing part RVPASS2.Though discussion will be made below on the reverse passing partRVPASS2, the reverse passing part RVPASS1 has altogether the sameconstruction as that of the reverse passing part RVPASS2. The reversepassing part RVPASS2 comprises a support plate 81, a fixed plate 82, apair of linear guides 83 a and 83 b, a pair of supporting members 85 aand 85 b, a pair of cylinders 87 a and 87 b, a first movable plate 86 a,a second movable plate 86 b and a rotary actuator 88.

The support plate 81 is provided, extending along the verticaldirection. At a center portion of one side of the support plate 81, thefixed plate 82 is provided perpendicularly thereto, extending along thehorizontal direction. Further, at the above one side of the supportplate 81, the pair of linear guides 83 a and 83 b are provided extendingtherealong, with the fixed plate 82 interposed therebetween. Both thelinear guides 83 a and 83 b are provided extending along the verticaldirection, in symmetry with respect to the fixed plate 82.

To the linear guide 83 a, the supporting member 85 a extending along thehorizontal direction is attached slidably via a connecting member 84 a.The cylinder 87 a is connected to the supporting member 85 a and withthe cylinder 87 a, the supporting member 85 a is guided by the linearguide 83 a to move up and down along the vertical direction. Thesupporting member 85 a maintains its attitude extending along thehorizontal direction always in up-and-down movement. Further, the firstmovable plate 86 a is attached to the supporting member 85 a, facing oneside of the fixed plate 82.

Similarly, to the linear guide 83 b, the supporting member 85 bextending along the horizontal direction is attached slidably via aconnecting member 84 b. The cylinder 87 b is connected to the supportingmember 85 b and with the cylinder 87 b, the supporting member 85 b isguided by the linear guide 83 b to move up and down along the verticaldirection. The supporting member 85 b maintains its attitude extendingalong the horizontal direction always in up-and-down movement. Further,the second movable plate 86 b is attached to the supporting member 85 b,facing the other side (opposite to the above one side) of the fixedplate 82.

The rotary actuator 88 rotates the support plate 81 about a rotarycentral axis RX along the horizontal direction (Y-axis direction). Whenthe support plate 81 is rotated, all of the first movable plate 86 a,the second movable plate 86 b and the fixed plate 82 which are connectedthereto rotate about the rotary central axis RX while maintaining theirmutual positional relation.

As shown in FIG. 5, the first movable plate 86 a, the second movableplate 86 b and the fixed plate 82 each have a plate-like shape. As shownin FIG. 4, a plurality of support pins 89 a stand on one side of thefixed plate 82 facing the first movable plate 86 a, and a plurality ofsupport pins 89 b stand on the other side of the fixed plate 82 facingthe second movable plate 86 b. Further, a plurality of support pins 89 cstand on one surface of the first movable plate 86 a facing the fixedplate 82, and a plurality of support pins 89 d stand on one surface ofthe second movable plate 86 b facing the fixed plate 82.

FIG. 6 is a view showing a state where the transfer arm 42 a of thetransport robot TR accesses the reverse passing part RVPASS1 or RVPASS2.In this preferred embodiment, six support pins 89 a, six support pins 89b, six support pins 89 c and six support pins 89 d are so arranged as tobe along the outer peripheral portion of the substrate W. Herein, thereverse passing parts RVPASS1 and RVPASS2 are provided so that therotary central axis RX may extend along the Y-axis direction. On theother hand, as shown in FIG. 1, the transfer robot IR and the transportrobot TR cause the transfer arm 12 and the transfer arms 42 a and 42 b,respectively, to access the substrate passing part 50 along the X-axisdirection. Specifically, the transfer arm 12 and the transfer arms 42 aand 42 b move toward/from the reverse passing part RVPASS1 or RVPASS2from the horizontal direction perpendicular to the rotary central axisRX (the direction perpendicular to the paper of FIG. 4).

Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the six support pins 89 a stand at suchpositions as not to interfere with the transfer arm 42 a which movesfrom the horizontal direction perpendicular to the rotary central axisRX. Though the arrangement of the support pins 89 a is shown in FIG. 6,other support pins 89 b, 89 c and 89 d are arranged like the supportpins 89 a. The transfer arm 42 b of the transport robot TR movestoward/from the reverse passing part RVPASS1 or RVPASS2 from the samedirection as the transfer arm 42 a does and is prevented frominterfering with the support pins 89 a, 89 b, 89 c or 89 d. The transferarm 12 of the transfer robot IR has a shape which is slightly differentfrom that of the transfer arm 42 a and 42 b but moves toward/from thereverse passing part RVPASS1 or RVPASS2 from the X-axis directionwithout interfering with the support pins 89 a, 89 b, 89 c or 89 d.

The fixed plate 82 is provided with optical detection sensors 80 a and80 b on the above one side and the other side, respectively. Further, adetection sensor 80 c is provided on one surface of the first movableplate 86 a facing the fixed plate 82 and a detection sensor 80 d isprovided on one surface of the second movable plate 86 b facing thefixed plate 82. The detection sensors 80 a, 80 b, 80 c and 80 doptically detect whether or not the substrate W is supported by aplurality of support pins 89 a, 89 b, 89 c and 89 d, respectively.

Other constituent elements, i.e., two stages of the return rest partsRPASS1 and RPASS2 and two stages of the sending rest parts SPASS1 andSPASS2, each have a constitution in which a plurality of (e.g., three)fixed support pins stand on a flat plate. These fixed support pins arearranged at such positions as not to interfere with the transfer arm 12and the transfer arms 42 a and 42 b which access the substrate passingpart 50. Therefore, the transfer robot IR of the indexer cell ID and thetransport robot TR of the cleaning cell SP can access the return restparts RPASS1 and RPASS2 and the sending rest parts SPASS1 and SPASS2 topass and receive the substrate W. Further, the return rest parts RPASS1and RPASS2 and the sending rest parts SPASS1 and SPASS2 are eachprovided with an optical detection sensor for detecting whether or notthe substrate W is rested thereon.

Next, discussion will be made on an operation of the substrateprocessing apparatus 1. Since the substrate processing apparatus 1comprises the front surface cleaning part SS1 for performing frontsurface cleaning of the substrate W and the back surface cleaning partSS2 for performing back surface cleaning, the substrate processingapparatus 1 can perform various patterns of cleaning processes inaccordance with purposes. For example, only the front surface of thesubstrate W may be cleaned, only the back surface may be cleanedconversely, and both of the surfaces may be cleaned. Which type ofcleaning is performed can be set by a recipe describing the procedure oftransferring the substrates W (a procedure of transferring substrates isreferred to as a “flow”) and the processing condition. In this preferredembodiment, the operation of the substrate processing apparatus 1 willbe discussed, taking an exemplary case where only the back surface ofthe substrate W is cleaned.

In the case where only the back surface of the substrate W is cleaned,the flow shown in Table 1 below is set as a recipe and the substrates Ware transferred in accordance with this flow.

TABLE 1 Step Transfer Target 1 Indexer Cell ID 2 Reverse Passing PartRVPASS2 3 Back Surface Cleaning Part SS2 4 Reverse Passing Part RVPASS15 Indexer Cell ID

Specifically, first, the unprocessed substrate W which is stored in thecarrier C is loaded onto the carrier stage 11 of the indexer cell ID bythe AGV or the like from the outside of the apparatus. Next, thetransfer robot IR of the indexer cell ID takes the unprocessed substrateW from the carrier C and transfers it to the reverse passing partRVPASS2 of the substrate passing part 50. The reverse passing partRVPASS2 which receives the unprocessed substrate W reverses the frontand back sides of the substrate W. Subsequently, the reversed substrateW is passed to the transport robot TR of the cleaning cell SP. Theoperation of passing the substrate W via the reverse passing partRVPASS2 will be discussed later.

Next, the transport robot TR transports the unprocessed substrate Wwhich is thereby received to any one of the back surface cleaning unitsSSR in the back surface cleaning part SS2. In the back surface cleaningunit SSR, the spin chuck 31 rotates the substrate W with its backsurface facing upward while holding it and the nozzle 33 supplies thecleaning solution to the back surface of the substrate W. In this state,the cleaning brush 32 comes into contact with or comes close to the backsurface of the substrate W and scans it in the horizontal direction, toperform the scrub cleaning process on the back surface of the substrateW. Since the four back surface cleaning units SSR in the back surfacecleaning part SS2 are concurrent processing units having the sameconstruction, the transport robot TR may transport the substrate W toany one of the back surface cleaning units SSR.

After the back surface cleaning is finished, the transport robot TRtakes the substrate W from the back surface cleaning unit SSR andtransports it to the reverse passing part RVPASS1 of the substratepassing part 50. The reverse passing part RVPASS1 which receives theprocessed substrate W reverses the front and back sides of the substrateW. Subsequently, the transfer robot IR stores the processed substrate Wafter being reversed into the carrier C.

In the above exemplary case, supposing that the substrate W istransferred via the sending rest parts SPASS1 and SPASS2 and the returnrest parts RPASS1 and RPASS2, the substrate W needs to be reversed bythe reversing parts FR and RF in the cleaning cell SP. In this case, thenumber of transporting steps performed by the transport robot TRincreases and the transport robot TR determines the processing speed ofthe whole substrate processing apparatus 1.

Then, in this preferred embodiment, the substrates W are transferredbetween the transfer robot IR of the indexer cell ID and the transportrobot TR of the cleaning cell SP via the reverse passing part RVPASS1 orRVPASS2. The reverse passing parts RVPASS1 and RVPASS2 not only transferthe substrates W between these robots but also reverse them. Therefore,the number of transporting steps to be performed by the transport robotTR decreases. While the reverse passing part RVPASS1 or RVPASS2 reversesthe substrate W, however, if the transfer robot IR and the transportrobot TR can not transfer the next substrate W, there arises somestandby time in the operations of the transfer robot IR and thetransport robot TR and this disadvantageously reduces the throughput ofthe substrate processing apparatus 1.

For this reason, the transfer of the substrates W via the reversepassing part RVPASS1 or RVPASS2 is performed in the following manner.Herein, discussion will be made on an exemplary case where thesubstrates W are transferred from the transfer robot IR to the transportrobot TR via the reverse passing part RVPASS2. FIGS. 7 to 12 areillustrations of an operation for transferring the substrate W via thereverse passing part RVPASS2.

First, as shown in FIG. 7, the transfer arm 12 of the transfer robot IRwhich holds the unprocessed substrate W with its front surface facingupward moves to between the fixed plate 82 and the second movable plate86 b and stops at a position where the substrate W is presentimmediately above a plurality of support pins 89 d. Subsequently, thetransfer arm 12 moves down until the substrate W is supported by thesupport pins 89 d. The transfer arm 12 which has passed the unprocessedsubstrate W moves back out of the reverse passing part RVPASS2.

Next, as shown in FIG. 8, the cylinder 87 a moves the first movableplate 86 a down while the cylinder 87 b moves the second movable plate86 b up. The substrate W with its front surface facing upward is therebyheld by the support pins 89 b of the fixed plate 82 and the support pins89 d of the second movable plate 86 b.

In this state, as shown in FIG. 9, the rotary actuator 88 rotates thewhole of the first movable plate 86 a, the second movable plate 86 b andthe fixed plate 82 180 degrees about the rotary central axis RX.Consequently, the front surface and the back surface of the substrate Wheld by the support pins 89 b and the support pins 89 d are reversed andthe back surface of the substrate W thereby faces upward.

Next, as shown in FIG. 10, the cylinder 87 a moves the first movableplate 86 a down while the cylinder 87 b moves the second movable plate86 b up. As shown in FIG. 11, this causes the first movable plate 86 aand the second movable plate 86 b to separate from the fixed plate 82and the substrate W with its back surface facing upward is held by aplurality of support pins 89 b of the fixed plate 82.

After that, the transfer arm 42 b (or the transfer arm 42 a) of thetransport robot TR moves to below the substrate W and moves up, tothereby receive the substrate W. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 12, thetransfer arm 42 b which receives the unprocessed substrate W moves backout of the reverse passing part RVPASS2. Further, the transfer arm 12 ofthe transfer robot IR which holds the following unprocessed substrate Wmoves to between the fixed plate 82 and the first movable plate 86 a,and after that, the same procedure is repeated. Thus, the transfer ofthe substrate W from the transfer robot IR to the transport robot TR viathe reverse passing part RVPASS2 is sequentially performed.

Though the transfer of the unprocessed substrate W via the reversepassing part RVPASS2 has been discussed above, the transfer of theprocessed substrate W from the transport robot TR to the transfer robotIR via reverse passing part RVPASS1 is performed in the same manner.

FIG. 13 is an illustration of a concept of transferring the substrate Wvia the reverse passing part RVPASS1 or RVPASS2. The reverse passingpart RVPASS1 comprises a first holding mechanism 91 consisting of thefixed plate 82 and the first movable plate 86 a and a second holdingmechanism 92 consisting of the fixed plate 82 and the second movableplate 86 b. The first holding mechanism 91 and the second holdingmechanism 92 are rotated by the rotary actuator 88 about the rotarycentral axis RX along the horizontal direction. The first holdingmechanism 91 and the second holding mechanism 92 are arranged invertically symmetry with respect to the rotary central axis RX. Then,the first holding mechanism 91 and the second holding mechanism 92 arerotated as one unit by the rotary actuator 88 while holding thesymmetrical positional relation with respect to the rotary central axisRX. Therefore, when the rotary actuator 88 rotates the first holdingmechanism 91 and the second holding mechanism 92 180 degrees about therotary central axis RX, the first holding mechanism 91 and the secondholding mechanism 92 replace each other in position.

If the first holding mechanism 91 and the second holding mechanism 92 ofthe reverse passing part RVPASS1 are present at the vertical positionsH1 and H2, respectively, as shown in FIG. 13, for example, when therotary actuator 88 rotates the first holding mechanism 91 and the secondholding mechanism 92 180 degrees, the first holding mechanism 91 comesto the vertical position H2 and the second holding mechanism 92 comes tothe vertical position H1. When the rotary actuator 88 further rotatesthe first holding mechanism 91 and the second holding mechanism 92 180degrees, the first holding mechanism 91 comes to the vertical positionH1 and the second holding mechanism 92 comes to the vertical position H2again. In other words, in the reverse passing part RVPASS1, every timewhen the rotary actuator 88 rotates the first holding mechanism 91 andthe second holding mechanism 92 180 degrees, the first holding mechanism91 and the second holding mechanism 92 alternately replace each other inposition between the vertical positions H1 and H2.

Similarly, the reverse passing part RVPASS2 comprises a third holdingmechanism 93 consisting of the fixed plate 82 and the first movableplate 86 a and a fourth holding mechanism 94 consisting of the fixedplate 82 and the second movable plate 86 b. The third holding mechanism93 and the fourth holding mechanism 94 are rotated by the rotaryactuator 88 about the rotary central axis RX along the horizontaldirection. The third holding mechanism 93 and the fourth holdingmechanism 94 are arranged in vertically symmetry with respect to therotary central axis RX. Then, the third holding mechanism 93 and thefourth holding mechanism 94 are rotated as one unit by the rotaryactuator 88 while holding the symmetrical positional relation withrespect to the rotary central axis RX. Therefore, when the rotaryactuator 88 rotates the third holding mechanism 93 and the fourthholding mechanism 94 180 degrees about the rotary central axis RX, thethird holding mechanism 93 and the fourth holding mechanism 94 replaceeach other in position.

If the third holding mechanism 93 and the fourth holding mechanism 94 ofthe reverse passing part RVPASS2 are present at the vertical positionsH3 and H4, respectively, for example, when the rotary actuator 88rotates the third holding mechanism 93 and the fourth holding mechanism94 180 degrees, the third holding mechanism 93 comes to the verticalposition H4 and the fourth holding mechanism 94 comes to the verticalposition H3. When the rotary actuator 88 further rotates the thirdholding mechanism 93 and the fourth holding mechanism 94 180 degrees,the third holding mechanism 93 comes to the vertical position H3 and thefourth holding mechanism 94 comes to the vertical position H4 again. Inother words, in the reverse passing part RVPASS2, every time when therotary actuator 88 rotates the third holding mechanism 93 and the fourthholding mechanism 94 180 degrees, the third holding mechanism 93 and thefourth holding mechanism 94 alternately replace each other in positionbetween the vertical positions H3 and H4.

For the reverse passing part RVPASS2 which performs such an operation asabove, the transfer robot IR of the indexer cell ID passes theunprocessed substrate W to the third holding mechanism 93 or the fourthholding mechanism 94 always at the vertical position H4. The unprocessedsubstrate W reversed by the reverse passing part RVPASS2 is passed tothe transport robot TR of the cleaning cell SP from the third holdingmechanism 93 or the fourth holding mechanism 94 always at the verticalposition H3. In other words, the third holding mechanism 93 and thefourth holding mechanism 94 are dedicated to the loading of theunprocessed substrate W at the vertical position H4 and dedicated to theunloading of the unprocessed substrate W at the vertical position H3.

On the other hand, for the reverse passing part RVPASS1, the transportrobot TR of the cleaning cell SP passes the processed substrate W to thefirst holding mechanism 91 or the second holding mechanism 92 always atthe vertical position H1. The processed substrate W reversed by thereverse passing part RVPASS1 is passed to the transfer robot IR of theindexer cell ID from the first holding mechanism 91 or the secondholding mechanism 92 always at the vertical position H2. In other words,the first holding mechanism 91 and the second holding mechanism 92 arededicated to the loading of the processed substrate W at the verticalposition H1 and dedicated to the unloading of the processed substrate Wat the vertical position H2.

Thus, the reverse passing part RVPASS2 provided between the indexer cellID and the cleaning cell SP reverses the unprocessed substrate Wreceived from the transfer robot IR and passes it to the transport robotTR. Similarly, the reverse passing part RVPASS1 provided between theindexer cell ID and the cleaning cell SP reverses the processedsubstrate W received from the transport robot TR and passes it to thetransfer robot IR.

Herein, attention is paid to the control of transfer in order for thetransfer robot IR to load the unprocessed substrate W into the reversepassing part RVPASS2. The transfer robot IR takes the first unprocessedsubstrate W from the carrier C and loads it into the fourth holdingmechanism 94 of the reverse passing part RVPASS2 at the verticalposition H4. Then, after the third holding mechanism 93 and the fourthholding mechanism 94 rotate 180 degrees, the transfer robot IR loads thesecond unprocessed substrate W into the third holding mechanism 93 atthe vertical position H4. At the point of time when the fourth holdingmechanism 94 comes to the vertical position H3, the transport robot TRcan unload the first unprocessed substrate W therefrom. Whether thesubstrate W is unloaded from the fourth holding mechanism 94 or not canbe detected by the detection sensor 80 b. When the second substrate W isloaded into the third holding mechanism 93 and the first substrate W isunloaded from the fourth holding mechanism 94, the third holdingmechanism 93 and the fourth holding mechanism 94 immediately rotate 180degrees.

Then, when it is detected that the first unprocessed substrate W isunloaded from the fourth holding mechanism 94, the control part 5controls the transfer robot IR to transfer the third unprocessedsubstrate W from the carrier C to the reverse passing part RVPASS2. Inother words, before the process of reversing the preceding substrate W(herein, the second unprocessed substrate W) is finished, the transferof the following substrate W (herein, the third unprocessed substrate W)starts. This reduces the standby time of the transfer robot IR to aminimum.

In the case where the transport robot TR loads the processed substrate Winto the reverse passing part RVPASS1, the same control of transfer isperformed, to thereby reduce the standby time of the transport robot TRto a minimum. This increases the throughput of the whole substrateprocessing apparatus 1.

Providing two reverse passing parts (four reverse passing parts in thewhole substrate passing part 50) each of which is the same as thereversing part FR or RF having only one stage of the holding mechanismfor the substrate W, instead of the reverse passing part RVPASS1 (or thereverse passing part RVPASS2), also makes it possible to start thetransfer of the following substrate W before the process of reversingthe preceding substrate W is finished. The height of the two layeredreverse passing parts, however, disadvantageously becomes higher thanthe reverse passing part RVPASS1 (or the reverse passing part RVPASS2)of this preferred embodiment. For example, the height of the reversepassing part for reversing the substrate W of φ300 mm is at least 300 mmor more and the height of two layered reverse passing parts is 600 mm ormore. On the other hand, the height of the reverse passing part RVPASS1(or the reverse passing part RVPASS2) having two stages of holdingmechanisms with the rotary central axis RX interposed therebetween canbe lower than 600 mm. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the height ofthe whole substrate passing part 50 to a minimum.

Since the transport robot TR of the cleaning cell SP do not move in thehorizontal direction, it is relatively easy to increase the range ofmovement in the vertical direction. On the other hand, since thetransfer robot IR of the indexer cell ID also moves along the horizontaldirection, it is hard to increase the range of movement in the verticaldirection up to the level of the transport robot TR. In this preferredembodiment, since one reverse passing part RVPASS1 (or the reversepassing part RVPASS2) can perform the control of transfer like the casewhere two reverse passing parts each having only one stage of theholding mechanism are provided, it is possible to reduce the respectivestandby times of the transfer robot IR and the transport robot TR to aminimum while minimizing the number of reverse passing parts. As aresult, the substrate passing part 50 can be contained within the rangeof height where the transfer robot IR having a limiting range ofmovement in the vertical direction can access, and it is possible toreduce the respective standby times of the transfer robot IR and thetransport robot TR to a minimum and to thereby increase the throughputof the substrate processing apparatus 1.

While the preferred embodiment of the present invention has beendiscussed, numerous modifications and variations can be devised withoutdeparting from the scope of the invention. For example, thoughdiscussion of the above preferred embodiment has been made taking thereverse passing parts RVPASS1 and RVPASS2 for reversing and transferringthe substrate W between the indexer cell ID and the cleaning cell SP asan example, the same reverse passing parts as those in theabove-discussed preferred embodiment may be provided between a sendingside cell having a transport robot to send the substrate W and areceiving side cell having a transport robot to receive the substrate Wsent from the sending side cell. The transport robot of the sending sidecell can start the transfer of the following substrate W before theprocess of reversing the preceding substrate W is finished, and thestandby time of the transport robot can be thereby reduced to a minimum.Further, the number of reverse passing parts included in the substratepassing part is minimized and the range of up-and-down movement of thetransport robot can be thereby reduced.

One exemplary construction having the sending side cell and thereceiving side cell like above is a coater & developer in which a cellfor performing a resist coating process and a cell for performing adevelopment process are arranged in parallel with the substrate passingpart interposed therebetween. In the coater & developer for an immersionexposure apparatus, especially, since a reverse process is sometimesperformed to clean the back surface of a substrate, if the same reversepassing parts as those in the above-discussed preferred embodiment areprovided in the substrate passing part between the cells, it is possibleto reduce the standby time of the transport robot to a minimum.

Further, though one reverse passing part has two holding mechanisms inthe above preferred embodiment, the number of holding mechanisms is notlimited to two. For example, if at least one of the transport robotswhich transfer the substrates via the reverse passing part has twotransfer arms to concurrently transport two substrates W, the reversepassing part comprises four holding mechanisms. In this case, as shownin FIG. 14, the four holding mechanisms are divided by two and arrangedin symmetry with respect to the rotary central axis RX. Specifically, afirst holding part 101 consisting of the holding mechanisms 95 and 96and a second holding part 102 consisting of the holding mechanisms 97and 98 are arranged in vertically symmetry with respect to the rotarycentral axis RX. Then, the first holding part 101 and the second holdingpart 102 are rotated as one unit while holding the symmetricalpositional relation with respect to the rotary central axis RX.Therefore, when first holding part 101 and the second holding part 102rotate 180 degrees about the rotary central axis RX, the holdingmechanisms 95 and 96 and the holding mechanisms 97 and 98 replace eachother in position.

In the case of FIG. 14, if the holding mechanisms 95 and 96 are presentat the vertical positions H5 and H6, respectively, and the holdingmechanisms 97 and 98 are present at the vertical positions H7 and H8,respectively, when the first holding part 101 and the second holdingpart 102 rotate 180 degrees about the rotary central axis RX, theholding mechanisms 95 and 96 come to the vertical positions H8 and H7,respectively, and the holding mechanisms 97 and 98 come to the verticalpositions H6 and H5, respectively. When the first holding part 101 andthe second holding part 102 further rotate 180 degrees, the holdingmechanisms 95 to 98 return to their respective original positions.

When the transport robot concurrently loads two substrates W into thereverse passing part comprising such four holding mechanisms, thesubstrates W are concurrently passed to the holding mechanisms 95 and 96or the holding mechanisms 97 and 98 at the vertical positions H7 and H8.Then, when the reversed two substrates W are concurrently unloaded, thesubstrates W are concurrently passed from the holding mechanisms 95 and96 or the holding mechanisms 97 and 98 at the vertical positions H5 andH6. This can also minimize the number of reverse passing parts andreduce the standby time of the transport robot to a minimum.

The reverse passing part may comprise more stages of holding mechanisms.Specifically, if one of the transport robots which transfer thesubstrates via the reverse passing part (e.g., the transfer robot IR)comprises m transfer arms (m is an integer not less than 1) toconcurrently transfer m substrates, and the other transport robot (e.g.,the transport robot TR) comprises n transfer arms (n is an integer notless than 1) to concurrently transfer n substrates, each of the firstholding part 101 and the second holding part 102 which are arranged insymmetry with respect to the rotary central axis RX has only to beprovided with holding mechanisms as many as m or n which is larger one.The exemplary case discussed in the above preferred embodiment is a casewhere the first holding part 101 and the second holding part 102 eachhave one holding mechanism, in other words, m=n=1. It thereby becomespossible to reduce the standby time of the transport robot whileallowing the concurrent transfer of m or n substrates. Further, it ispossible to minimize the number of reverse passing parts and reduce therange of up-and-down movement of the transport robot. As a specificconstruction to increase the number of stages of the holding mechanismsin the reverse passing part, a plurality of multistage structures, oneof which is shown in FIG. 4, have only to be further provided.

Further, a flow of performing front surface cleaning of substrates W inthe substrate processing apparatus 1 of the above-discussed preferredembodiment can be also set. In this case, depending on which processstep the front surface cleaning is performed in, there is also a casewhere no process of reversing the substrate W is performed in thesubstrate passing part 50. In the case where no process of reversing thesubstrate W is performed in the substrate passing part 50, the substrateW has only to be passed between the transfer robot IR and the transportrobot TR via two stages of return rest parts RPASS1 and RPASS2 and/ortwo stages of sending rest parts SPASS1 and SPASS2. Further, there maybe a case where no reverse process is performed in the reverse passingpart RVPASS1 or RVPASS2 and only the transfer of the substrate W isperformed. In this case, the substrate W is loaded and unloadedinto/from the reverse passing part RVPASS1 or RVPASS2 at the samevertical position. If the case where the reverse process is performedand the case where no reverse process is performed are mixed, however,the control therefor becomes very hard. Therefore, if no reverse processis performed in the substrate passing part 50, it is preferable that thereturn rest parts RPASS1 and RPASS2 and the sending rest parts SPASS1and SPASS2 should be provided.

Further, in the substrate processing apparatus 1 of the above-discussedpreferred embodiment, the two reversing parts FR and RF may have thesame structure as that of the reverse passing parts RVPASS1 and RVPASS2.There is a case where the transfer arms 42 a and 42 b of the transportrobot TR in the cleaning cell SP are used for strictly differentpurposes. For example, the upper transfer arm 42 a is dedicated to thetransport of the processed substrates W and the lower transfer arm 42 bis dedicated to the transport of the unprocessed substrates W, tothereby prevent particles and the like on the unprocessed substrates Wfrom being transferred to the cleaned substrates W. On the other hand,the transport robot TR usually uses the two transfer arms 42 a and 42 bto perform such a transport as to replace the unprocessed substrate Wand the processed substrate W (so-called simultaneous replacement).

In such a case, if a flow that the reverse process is performed afterthe final cleaning process is set, there arises a situation where thelower transfer arm 42 b which is originally dedicated to the transportof the unprocessed substrates W must hold the substrate W on which thefinal cleaning process is finished. In other words, in order for thereversing part to perform simultaneous replacement, the lower transferarm 42 b first receives the reversed substrate W and then the uppertransfer arm 42 a loads the substrate W after being subjected to thefinal cleaning process. Then, in the substrate processing apparatus 1,if the two reversing parts FR and RF have the same structure as that ofthe reverse passing parts RVPASS1 and the RVPASS2, since the uppertransfer arm 42 a passes the substrate W after being subjected to thefinal cleaning process to the reversing part and then this uppertransfer arm 42 a receives the reversed substrate W, it is possible touse the transfer arms 42 a and 42 b for strictly different purposes.

Further, though the indexer cell ID and the cleaning cell SP areconnected to each other in the above-discussed preferred embodiment,there may be a construction in which a cell dedicated to front surfacecleaning is connected to the indexer cell ID and a cell dedicated toback surface cleaning is further connected to the cell for front surfacecleaning. In this case, the reverse passing parts of this preferredembodiment may be provided between the indexer cell ID and the cell forfront surface cleaning and between the cell for front surface cleaningand the cell for back surface cleaning.

Furthermore, in the substrate passing part 50 of the above-discussedpreferred embodiment, the return rest parts RPASS1 and the RPASS2 andthe sending rest parts SPASS1 and the SPASS2 do not always need to beprovided, and in the case where only back surface cleaning is performedin the substrate processing apparatus 1, there may be a construction inwhich only the reverse passing parts RVPASS1 and the RVPASS2 areprovided.

While the invention has been shown and described in detail, theforegoing description is in all aspects illustrative and notrestrictive. It is therefore understood that numerous modifications andvariations can be devised without departing from the scope of theinvention.

1. A substrate processing apparatus for successively processing aplurality of substrates, comprising: a sending side section having afirst transport robot, for sending a substrate; a receiving side sectionhaving a second transport robot, for receiving the substrate sent outfrom said sending side section; and a reverse passing part providedbetween said sending side section and said receiving side section, forreversing a front surface and a back surface of the substrate passedfrom said first transport robot and passing the substrate to said secondtransport robot, said reverse passing part comprising a first holdingpart for holding a substrate; a second holding part for holding asubstrate; and a rotation driving mechanism for rotating said firstholding part and said second holding part about a rotary central axisalong a horizontal direction, wherein said first holding part and saidsecond holding part are provided in a symmetrical position with respectto said rotary central axis, said rotation driving mechanism is soconfigured as to rotate said first holding part and said second holdingpart so that these holding parts alternately replace each other betweena first position and a second position, said first transport robot is soconfigured as to pass a substrate to said first holding part or saidsecond holding part at said first position, and said second transportrobot is so configured as to receive a reversed substrate from saidfirst holding part or said second holding part at said second position.2. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein saidfirst transport robot comprises m transfer arms (m: an integer not lessthan 1), being so configured as to transfer m substrates at one time,said second transport robot comprises n transfer arms (n: an integer notless than 1), being so configured as to transfer n substrates at onetime, and said first holding part and said second holding part each havesubstrate holding mechanisms as many as m or n which is larger one.
 3. Asubstrate processing apparatus for successively processing a pluralityof substrates, comprising: a) a processing section having a transportrobot and a processing part to which a substrate is transported by thetransport robot; b) an indexer section having a transfer robot, forpassing an unprocessed substrate to said processing section andreceiving a processed substrate from said processing section; c) a firstreverse passing part provided between said indexer section and saidprocessing section, for reversing a front surface and a back surface ofthe unprocessed substrate passed from said transfer robot and passingthe unprocessed substrate to said transport robot, said first reversepassing part comprising c-1) a first holding part for holding asubstrate; c-2) a second holding part for holding a substrate; and c-3)a first rotation driving mechanism for rotating said first holding partand said second holding part about a first rotary central axis along ahorizontal direction; and d) a second reverse passing part providedbetween said indexer section and said processing section, for reversinga front surface and a back surface of the processed substrate passedfrom said transport robot and passing the processed substrate to saidtransfer robot, said second reverse passing part comprising d-1) a thirdholding part for holding a substrate; d-2) a fourth holding part forholding a substrate; and d-3) a second rotation driving mechanism forrotating said third holding part and said fourth holding part about asecond rotary central axis along a horizontal direction, wherein saidfirst holding part and said second holding part are provided in asymmetrical position with respect to said first rotary central axis,said third holding part and said fourth holding part are provided in asymmetrical position with respect to said second rotary central axis,said first rotation driving mechanism is so configured as to rotate saidfirst holding part and said second holding part so that these holdingparts alternately replace each other between a first position and asecond position, said second rotation driving mechanism is so configuredas to rotate said third holding part and said fourth holding part sothat these holding parts alternately replace each other between a thirdposition and a fourth position, said transfer robot is so configured asto pass an unprocessed substrate to said first holding part or saidsecond holding part at said first position and as to receive a processedsubstrate from said third holding part or said fourth holding part atsaid third position, and said transport robot is so configured as toreceive an unprocessed substrate from said first holding part or saidsecond holding part at said second position and as to pass a processedsubstrate to said third holding part or said fourth holding part at saidfourth position.
 4. The substrate processing apparatus according toclaim 3, wherein said transfer robot comprises m transfer arms (m: aninteger not less than 1), being so configured as to transfer msubstrates at one time, said transport robot comprises n transfer arms(n: an integer not less than 1), being so configured as to transfer nsubstrates at one time, and said first holding part, said second holdingpart, said third holding part and said fourth holding part each havesubstrate holding mechanisms as many as m or n which is larger one. 5.The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 3, furthercomprising: e) a first rest part provided between said indexer sectionand said processing section, on which the unprocessed substrate passedfrom said transfer robot is rested to be passed to said transport robot;and f) a second rest part provided between said indexer section and saidprocessing section, on which the processed substrate passed from saidtransport robot is rested to be passed to said transfer robot.
 6. Thesubstrate processing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein saidprocessing part comprises a back surface cleaning unit for cleaning aback surface of a substrate.
 7. A substrate processing method forsuccessively transferring a plurality of substrates from a firsttransport robot of a sending side section which sends the substrates toa second transport robot of a receiving side section which receives thesubstrates via a reverse passing part for reversing a front surface anda back surface of a substrate, comprising the steps of: a) passing asubstrate to a first holding part of said reverse passing part at afirst position by said first transport robot; b) receiving a substratefrom a second holding part of said reverse passing part at a secondposition by said second transport robot; c) rotating said first holdingpart and said second holding part of said reverse passing part 180degrees about a rotary central axis along a horizontal direction to movesaid first holding part to said second position and move said secondholding part to said first position; d) passing a substrate to saidsecond holding part at said first position by said first transportrobot; e) receiving a substrate from said first holding part at saidsecond position by said second transport robot; f) rotating said firstholding part and said second holding part of said reverse passing part180 degrees about said rotary central axis to move said first holdingpart to said first position and move said second holding part to saidsecond position; and g) repeating said step a) to step f).
 8. Thesubstrate processing method according to claim 7, wherein said firsttransport robot comprises m transfer arms (m: an integer not lessthan 1) and transfers m substrates at one time, said second transportrobot comprises n transfer arms (n: an integer not less than 1) andtransfers n substrates at one time, and said first holding part and saidsecond holding part each have substrate holding mechanisms as many as mor n which is larger one.
 9. A substrate processing method forsuccessively transferring a plurality of substrates between a transportrobot of a processing section having a processing part and a transferrobot of an indexer section, comprising the steps of: a) passing anunprocessed substrate to a first holding part of a first reverse passingpart for reversing a front surface and a back surface of a substrate ata first position by said transfer robot; b) receiving an unprocessedsubstrate from a second holding part of said first reverse passing partat a second position by said transport robot; c) rotating said firstholding part and said second holding part of said first reverse passingpart 180 degrees about a first rotary central axis along a horizontaldirection to move said first holding part to said second position andmove said second holding part to said first position; d) passing anunprocessed substrate to said second holding part at said first positionby said transfer robot; e) receiving an unprocessed substrate from saidfirst holding part at said second position by said transport robot; f)rotating said first holding part and said second holding part of saidfirst reverse passing part 180 degrees about said first rotary centralaxis to move said first holding part to said first position and movesaid second holding part to said second position; and g) repeating saidstep a) to step f).
 10. The substrate processing method according toclaim 9, further comprising the steps of: h) receiving a processedsubstrate from a third holding part of a second reverse passing part forreversing a front surface and a back surface of a substrate at a thirdposition by said transfer robot; i) passing a processed substrate to afourth holding part of said second reverse passing part at a fourthposition by said transport robot; j) rotating said third holding partand said fourth holding part of said second reverse passing part 180degrees about a second rotary central axis along a horizontal directionto move said third holding part to said fourth position and move saidfourth holding part to said third position; k) receiving a processedsubstrate from said fourth holding part at said third position by saidtransfer robot; l) passing a processed substrate to said third holdingpart at said fourth position by said transport robot; m) rotating saidthird holding part and said fourth holding part of said second reversepassing part 180 degrees about said second rotary central axis to movesaid third holding part to said third position and move said fourthholding part to said fourth position; and n) repeating said step h) tostep m).
 11. The substrate processing method according to claim 10,wherein said transfer robot comprises m transfer arms (m: an integer notless than 1) and transfers m substrates at one time, said transportrobot comprises n transfer arms (n: an integer not less than 1) andtransfers n substrates at one time, and said first holding part, saidsecond holding part, said third holding part and said fourth holdingpart each have substrate holding mechanisms as many as m or n which islarger one.
 12. The substrate processing method according to claim 10,wherein said processing part cleans a back surface of a substrate.